Dragoon Office Cavalry Sword – the Golden Weapon of Emperor Alexander III

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Talantov S. (2016). Oficerskaja dragunskaja shashka, Zolotoe oruzhie Imperatora Aleksandra III [Dragoon Office Cavalry Sword – the Golden Weapon of Emperor Alexander III]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 3, pp. 76 — 85. Talantov S. Abstract: The article tells the story of a cavalry sword, presented by the officers of the 13th Life Grenaderial Erivan regiment to Alexander III who was its most august colonel in chief. The weapon was presented to the Emperor on his visit to Caucasus. This is the cavalry sword mounted with the guard of the dragoon office cavalry sword of the 1881 pattern. Its blade demonstrating an unspecified for cavalry swords type was forged earlier and according to the available sources used to belong to the family of Mengrelian ruling princes of Dadiani. The scabbard hasn’t preserved. After the revolution of 1917 the cavalry sword was lost and only several years ago the author…

Scientific Legacy by Eduard von Lenz

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Samgin S. (2016). Nauchnoe nasledie Jeduarda Jeduardovicha Lenca [Scientific Legacy by Eduard von Lenz]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 3, pp. 63 — 75. Samgin S. Abstract: Eduard von Lenz is one of the outstanding weapon historians who lived in Russia at the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century. He was interested in a good variety of themes in the field of the weapon studying, starting from the systematization and description of the Russian collections of weapons to the analysis of arms and armour found during archaeological excavations. He studied the weapon manufacturing centers as well and popularized the weaponology in general. Today most of his papers are unknown even for the specialists. The most important period of Lenz’s creative life was the time from 1899 to 1919 when he served as the curator of the imperial collection of arms at the Hermitage. This collection…

Shashkas of Afghanistan

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Miloserdov D. (2016). Afganskaja shashka [Shashkas of Afghanistan]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 3, pp. 48 — 62. Miloserdov D. Abstract: The article is devoted to shashkas that used to be very popular on the territory of present-day Afghanistan. The article presents the analysis of the primary sources containing references by different observers to the ways of shsashka usage in the above mentioned region. Using indirect indicators the author substantiates shashkas to have been used in Afghanistan as early as from the beginning of the 19th century and refered to under the name of “shashka” already in the second half of the 19th century. Three main types of shashkas used in Afghaistan were pointed out in the article. The first one is the so called Central Asian shashka which is marked with wide and slightly curved blade. The handle of this shashka was usually made of two horn or bone…

The Weaponry Complex of Indian Warrior-ascetics

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Kurochkin A. (2016). Kompleks vooruzhenija indijskih asketov [The Weaponry Complex of Indian Warrior-ascetics]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 3, pp. 27 — 47. Kurochkin A. Abstract: The article deals with analyzing of the edged weaponry complex used by Indian warrior-ascetics. The complex was unified for all the ascetics units and hence it was quite conservative and invariable. For the time-span of the 17-18th century Indian ascetics units could be corresponded to the knightly orders in the medieval Europe. The ascetics controlled the trade of the precious stones, corrals, raw silk, gold and silver. As mercenaries they changed the service of all great and minor rulers of India including the British. The sanniyasis-nagas mercenaries had a reputation of warriors especially effective as assault infantry and close combat troops and notwithstanding their active usage of firearms they were often equipped with solely edged weapons. The yogas were the first ascetic group who…

On the Problem of the “Amur Swords”

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Dobriden S. (2016). K probleme amurskih mechej [On the Problem of the “Amur Swords”]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 3, pp. 5 — 26. Dobriden S. Abstract: The author devoted the article to the specific type of edged weapon which could be defined as the “Amur swords” before the special complex investigation is carried on. These are long swords used by the Tungus-Manchurian tribes. On the moment the article was written the author was not aware of any entirely preserved sword either in a museum or a private collection. The most well-preserved item is now in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. The predominant attitude toward these swords presumes them to be a variant of famous “emus” of the Ainu.  In the article the author substantiates the hypothesis about the local, Tungus-Manchurian, manufacturing of these swords, especially as the Amur peoples and their neighbors practiced the…

A Center of Gunmaking in Iran

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Khorasani M.M., Shafeian H. (2015). A Center of Gunmaking in Iran. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 120 — 144. Khorasani M. Shafeian H.  Abstract: Persian manuscripts on firearms reveal valuable information on casting bronze cannons, using rockets in warfare, the function of howitzers, mortars and cannons, cannon formation, etc. The barrels of Persian muskets show a variety of beautiful patterns of welded steel. But there are almost no period Persian manuscripts which report about the making of these beautiful pattern welded steel barrels and also their corresponding names in Persian. There is one Persian manuscript titled Tārix-e Delgošā-ye Ewaz (The Delightful History of Ewaz) which provides valua-ble information on some types of welded steel patterns. The following article deals with the chapter on firearms in the mentioned manuscript. Keywords: Persian guns, Persian muskets, pattern, welded steel, crucible steel, patterned crucible steel, patterns of welded steel on barrels, Ewaz…

Two 18th Century Sabers of the Balkan Origin from the Collection of Poltava Regional Museum

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Toichkin D. (2015). Dve sabli balkanskogo proishozhdenija XVIII v. iz kollekcii Poltavskogo oblastnogo kraevedcheskogo muzeja [Two 18th Century Sabers of the Balkan Origin from the Collection of Poltava Regional Museum]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 109 — 119. Toichkin D. Abstract: The saber occupies a prominent position in the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks. This weapon having come to stay firmly and decisively on the territory of The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, already in the 16th century was used not only as a true arm but also as a sign of a definite social standing. The saber was an essential element of a uniform and a full dress, a symbol of family- and self-respect, a marker of high material status, and, finally, a luxury good and remunerable investment. It was the saber having been praised in folk songs and poetry that for centuries preserved a position of a favored…

“Non-standard” Soviet Cavalry Swords of the 1927 Year Pattern

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Samgin S. (2015). Nestandartnye sovetskie shashki obr. 1927 g. [Two 18th Century Sabers of the Balkan Origin from the Collection of Poltava Regional Museum]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 102 — 108. Samgin S. Abstract: A soviet cavalry sword of the 1927 year pattern was one of the last models of fighting long-bladed weapon, sharing the place with a polish saber of 1934 version and another soviet cavalry sword of 1940 year pattern designed for the combatant commanding stuff. The history of the weapon was not limited with Zlatoust and its service in the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army though. This cavalry sword was manufactured for 18 years (from 1928 to 1946), mostly at the plant in Zlatoust. During this time the construction of the cavalry sword wasn’t considerably changed, and today the most differences presume the materials (metals) being used for its manufacturing, decoration scheme of the…

The Question of the Relevance of the Term “Karud”

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Miloserdov D. (2015).  K voprosu o pravomochnosti ispol’zovanija termina «karud» [The Question of the Relevance of the Term “Karud”]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 88 — 101. Miloserdov D. Abstract:  The article deals with a combat knife now known as karud which is common in the Northern India, Afghanistan and les frequently in Central Asia. The knife blade is straight (though sometimes it could have a slight curve) with T-shape cross-section. The back wedge is also straight and sometimes decorated with a delicate chiseling. Its long massive and thick blade accurately terminating to the handle part rapidly widens in two centimeters to the handle which is usually very heavy. The handle consists of two grip panels that in Afghanistan are usually made of horn ornamented with grooves. This knife differs vividly from another combat knife called pish-kabz which was widestread in Central Asia, Iran and Northern India.…

On the Question of Jamdhar Dagger Emergence in the Weapons Complex of the Mughals

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Kurochkin A. (2015). K voprosu o pojavlenii kinzhala dzhamdhar v oruzhejnom komplekse [On the Question of Jamdhar Dagger Emergence in the Weapons Complex of the Mughals]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 80 — 87. Kurochkin A. Abstract: The article is devoted to the circumstances by which the borrowing of probably the outstanding Indian weapon, the jamdhar dagger, by the Mughals could take place. As a result the genealogically Indian weapon became one of the most important attribute of the ruling class. Conquerors are well known to bring their own culture complex that includes the weapon one as well which is of high elitist status. The status of vanquished military complex is a priori low and it is usually left without attention by the new ruling class. The culture of the vanquished can’t be ignored totally though as it is the basis for the community existence and its relation…

On the Possible Functionality of a Mingrelian Stabbing Dagger in the Light of Analysis of Documented Precedents of Dagger Fighting

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Kiziria V. (2015). O vozmozhnoj funkcional’noj prinadlezhnosti mingrel’skogo kinzhala v svete analiza zafiksirovannyh precedentov kinzhal’nyh [On the Possible Functionality of a Mingrelian Stabbing Dagger in the Light of Analysis of Documented Precedents of Dagger Fighting]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 63 — 79. Kiziria V. Abstract:The author makes an attempt to put a type of a Mingrelian stabbing dagger of the 19th century in the cultural context. It is done on the basis of the historical data and specific circumstances of putting into practice both stabbing and cutting in the Caucasus communities, as well as on the experience of modern reconstruction of possible ways of the dagger use in a close fight. Historically the stabbing and the cutting were differentiated in the Caucasus cultural tradition. In the fights between the members of the community the stabbing, as a more mortal blow, was prohibited while the cutting was…

On the Manufacturing of the Sabers and Swords in the Pavlovsk Steelworker’s District

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Zavorotko I. (2015). O proizvodstve sabel’ i shashek v Pavlovskom staleslesarnom [On the Manufacturing of the Sabers and Swords in the Pavlovsk Steelworker’s District]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 53 — 62. Zavorotko I. Abstract: The author analyses the data on the manufacturing of arms blanch (saber and cavalry sword blades) in the Pavlovsk steelworker’s district which was a part of both Nizhniy Novgorod and Vladimir provinces in the second half of the 19th century. The information was got from the primary sources – special and public periodic editions and catalogues of industry exhibitions organized from 1829 to 1914. Besides, the author managed to systematize the data on the types of goods in the field of arms blanch and the main producers – Varipaev, Zavjalov, Koritsev, Korobkov, Buslaev, Beljaev, Tsvetov, Kondratjev, in whose workshops saber, cavalry sword, broad sword and dagger blades were made. There were introduced…

Long-bladed Weapons of the Turkic Cavalry

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Gorbunov V. (2015). Klinkovoe oruzhie tjurkskoj [Long-bladed Weapons of the Turkic Cavalry]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 28 — 45. Gorbunov V. Abstract: The article presents twenty pieces of Turkish long-bladed weapons found during archaeological excavations in the Central Asia. Notwithstanding the small number of the discovered items, it is possible to state the long-bladed weapons to have been spread widely amongst the Turkish tribes as they were often depicted on the steles. On the basis of the analysis of the preserved samples, the author traces the main tendencies of these weapons development among the Turkish cavalry. During the formation of the Turkish ethnicity, that is 460-552 A.D., the cavalrymen were armed with straight single-edged swords with hook-like pommel and sometimes rectangular cross-guard. In the times of the first Turkish Kaganates (552-657 A.D.) there were used both single-edged and double-edged straight swords with straight handles without any…

The Unique Bronze Dagger from Primorski Territory

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Dobriden S., Barczewski S. (2015). Unikal’nyj bronzovyj kinzhal iz Primor’ja [The Unique Bronze Dagger from Primorski Territory]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 46 — 52. Dobriden S. Barczewski S. Abstract: The article is devoted to the unique bronze dagger of antenna type which was found in Primorski Territory. Its dimensions, weight, and decoration are presented in details. The dagger’s handle was provided with the so called “antenna pommel” that is formed by two withstood heads of griffins, birds or other beasts. The appearance of this type handles is explained as the influence of Scythian-Siberian animal style on the territory of the Chinese province of Ljaonin and the Korean peninsular. Another detail, helping to determine the context the dagger functioned in, is the ornamental design put on its handle. The particular design is identical to the one decorating the bronze mirrors that are often found along with daggers…

Traditional Bladed Weapons of Vietnam. The Problems of Terminology

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Vetyukov V. (2015). Tradicionnoe klinkovoe oruzhie V’etnama. Problemy terminologii [Traditional Bladed Weapons of Vietnam. The Problems of Terminology]. Istoricheskoe oruzhievedenie [Weapons History Journal], № 2, pp. 12 — 27. Vetyukov V. Abstract: The article describes the problems of terminology in such a very little-studied field as the Vietnamese weapons. The development of Vietnamese military tradition faced intense Chinese influence. Major weapon types as well as the terminology for their designation were borrowed from China, which acted both as a cultural contributor and a ravenous aggressor seeking to regain the control over the lost southern territories. Having creatively elaborated the Chinese borrowings and accepted Japanese, Thai-Burmese and later even European elements, the Vietnamese craftsmen gradually developed a specific local set of weapons. In the article there is made an attempt to define a correct terminology for the Vietnamese bladed weapons, to mark out its main types and trace back the history…